This is a list of grammar rules you need to study for the Japanese Language Proficiency Test level N5.

This is a list of grammar rules you need to study for the 
Japanese Language Proficiency Test level N5.
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だ / です (da / desu): to be (copula)
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だ -- දා -- දෙසු වෙනුවට සාමාන්‍ය ව්‍යවහාරයේදී だ යෙදේ.තේරුම වෙනස් නොකරයි. 

වතෂි දෙස්  ( මම වෙමි / මමය / මම වේ ) ඒ අදහසම වතෂි ... දා ... කීමෙන් ලැබේ. ඒ විනීත වහර නොවේ.

*Desu*, the word which corresponds to the verb "to be" in English, and 

*Desu* is the formal version, while *Da* is more colloquial and familiar.

*Da* mean exactly the same thing. 

So, *Da* and *Desu* differ ONLY in the level of politeness, not meaning or tense.

"desu yo" --- It is used to emphasise a point....In English it is something like "I tell you".

美味しいですよ "Oishii desu yo". 

I have been watchin japanese programs and I noticed that people would say dayo.

for example ;- ishida uryu dayo .../ onaji class dayo

he formal way is to say:

*Onaji class DESU*- _"We are in the same class"_

And if you want to add emphasis or assertions, add the end particle YO:

is dayo the casual form of des? i think you use dayo with your friends and not with people that are superior to you.

To say "It's great" you wrote: *Sugoi dayo*

Well, the correct way is just saying *Sugoi yo *, without the DA. 

When you want to indicate the idea of "that's why, that's what it is, because of that...". 

As in, "It IS that it's great" then, you can add the ending *no desu * to *sugoi*: 
*sugoi no desu*. 
OR, if you're a guy speaking with friends and family, you can add the ending *-N dayo *instead: 
*Sugoi-n dayo*

It's a bit confusing and tricky because DA is the contracted/informal version of DESU, however, though you can say:

*SUGOI DESU*, you can't say *SUGOI DA*
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だけ (dake): only, just - පමණ / විතර ,
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だけ (dake): only, just,
How to use しか & だけ ( shika & dake) & だけしか ( = dakeshika)
だけ ( = dake) in both negative and affirmative sentences and しか ( = shika)  is only used in negative sentences.
EX:- 
A) 財布に百円だけある。
 Saifu ni hyaku-en dake aru.
 There is only 100 yen in the wallet. That’s all there is.
 I only have 100 yen in my wallet. That’s all I have.

B ) 財布に百円しかない。
 Saifu ni hyaku-en shika nai.
 There is only 100 yen in the wallet. There is nothing else.
 I only have 100 yen in my wallet. I have nothing else.

C) 百円だけあげる。
 Hyaku-en dake ageru.
 I will give you just 100 yen.

D)  百円しかあげない。
 Hyaku-en shika agenai.
 I will give you just 100 yen. (I won’t give you more than 100 yen.)


Dakedo is a contraction of dakeredomo, meaning "though/however". It's a more colloquial version of "desu kedo" 

" Kedo"  is short for " keredomo ". You can use it where " ga "  could be used. 

Eg.Kono kooto wa yasui desu ga shitsu ga warui.>Kono koto wa yasui desu kedo, shitsu ga warui desu.(This coat is cheap, but its quality is bad) 


Eg. Oishii dakedo, amari kenkou ja nai. (It's delicious, however it's not very healthy)

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だろう (darou): probably
で (de) – 1: at, in
で (de) – 2: with, by
でしょう (deshou): I think, probably
が (ga) – 1: subject marker
が (ga) – 2: but, however
がある (gaaru): there is (used for non-living things)
がいる (gairu): there is (used for living things)
ほうがいい (hou ga ii) 1: it’d be better to
ほうがいい (hou ga ii) 2: it’d be better to not
いちばん (ichiban): the most
か (ka) 1: or (A or B, choice between 2 objects)
か (ka) 2: question particle
から (kara) 1: because, since
から (kara) – 2: from
けれども (keredomo): but, although
くらい (kurai): about, approximately
まだ (mada): still, not yet
まで (made): until, till, to, even
まえに (mae ni): before
ましょう (mashou): let’s, shall we
も (mo): also, too, as well
もう (mo): already, anymore
な (na): don’t do
ないでください (naidekudasai): please don’t
なる (naru): to become
に (ni): in, at, to, for
に/へ (ni/e): to
にいく (ni iku): to go in order to
にする (nisuru): to decide on
の (no) – 1: of (indicates possessive)
の (no) – 2: Verb nominalizer
のがじょうず (no ga jouzu): to be good at
のがすき (no ga suki): like / love doing
のがへた (no ga heta): to be bad at
すぎる (sugiru): too much
たい (tai): want to
たことがある (takotogaaru): have done before ( mita koto ga arimasu.)
ている (teiru): is/are/am doing --- ( kaite imasu )
てください (tekudasai): please do… ( tabete kudasai )
てもいい (temo ii): is okay, is alright to, can ( kore wo kattemo iidesuka ) Kau = buy
てから (tekara): after doing -- ( tabete kara gakkou e ikimasu )
てはいけない (tewaikenai): must not, may not. -- ( tabako wo sutte wa ikenai ) suu = ( දුම් පානය )
と (to): and, with. -- ( tomodachi to asobimasu. )
つもりだ: plan to, intend to ( nihon ni iku tsumoro desu / da. )
や (ya): and -- teburu no ueni hon ya enpitsu ya pen nado ( යනාදිය ) ga arimasu.
より ~ のほうが ~ (yori ~ nohouga ~): is more ~ than -- ( watashi yori ani wa hikui desu ) -
kyouto no yori Tokyou no houga Tokyou no jinkou ga ooi desu. )